Victims of the Wall

All 140 people

Peter Böhme

1942–1962

Peter Böhme, a 19-year-old officer cadet from Karl-Marx-Stadt, deserted with a friend and was killed on 18 April 1962 in an exchange of fire at Gleisdreieck Griebnitzsee, in which the border guard Jörgen Schmidtchen also died.

Dark grey stele with German and English text headed "Peter Böhme", in front of greenery
Memorial stele for Peter Böhme, Stubenrauchstrasse 35, Babelsberg Photo: OTFW, Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Peter Böhme was born on 17 August 1942 and grew up in Chemnitz, then called Karl-Marx-Stadt. Already at secondary school he came into conflict with the socialist authorities; at 16 he was threatened with expulsion because he and a friend had bought jeans, officially frowned upon, in West Berlin. He began training as a motor mechanic but had to give it up after crossing into West Berlin, still open at that time, from where his father brought him back. The authorities apparently chose not to punish him and instead required him to sign up with the National People's Army for several years. Joining under compulsion, he went, after a fashion, through basic training and the non-commissioned officers' course and on to applying as an officer cadet.

At the end of December 1961 he started at the army's Flak and Artillery Officer's School in Geltow near Potsdam, but soon regretted it. Within days he wrote to the school's leadership asking to be sent back to his old unit, saying he had no interest in becoming an officer. Called to account by his battery commander, he said he would rather study to become a sports teacher in Leipzig, but was pressed to reconsider and outwardly agreed to continue. Privately, he resolved not to give in this time and to leave for the West as soon as he could.

At the school he became friends with Wolfgang G., a cadet of the same age who also did not want to be an officer. Both were tired of being ordered about and apparently soon agreed that desertion was their only way out, beginning preparations in early April 1962.

On the night of 16 to 17 April 1962, according to the research project, the two took two pistols and ammunition from the school's weapons cabinet (the East German Defence Ministry's final report puts their desertion at about 7:30 a.m. on 16 April); Wolfgang G. later told West Berlin police that the weapons were meant for self-defence if it came to the worst. When, against their expectations, the missing weapons were noticed, they left the barracks and hid in Potsdam while the search for them went on. On the evening of 17 April they took a taxi to Babelsberg and, coming from Griebnitzsee station, followed the disused S-Bahn line towards the border with Kohlhasenbrück in West Berlin.

That night the border guard Jörgen Schmidtchen and a second guard were on duty; according to military files they were in a former railway keeper's hut when, at about 2:20 a.m., they heard noises and went out to look. According to Wolfgang G.'s later statement, Jörgen Schmidtchen, the leader of the two-man post, took the uniformed pair for an inspection patrol, went towards them and asked for the password; a heavy exchange of fire then followed, in which Peter Böhme and Jörgen Schmidtchen were both fatally wounded. Wolfgang G. was unhurt and reached West Berlin.

The two deaths became a political issue. The West Berlin press sided with the escapees, while East Germany labelled them common criminals and enemies of the state. Without sufficient evidence, the East German authorities held Wolfgang G. responsible for Jörgen Schmidtchen's death and demanded his extradition, which West Germany refused; the Stasi went on watching him in the West for decades. In both East and West, Peter Böhme himself was largely forgotten.

In the 1990s his death was examined in preliminary proceedings that never reached trial. Investigators established that Peter Böhme had fired the shot that killed Jörgen Schmidtchen before he himself was fatally hit by the other guard. The proceedings against that guard were discontinued in August 1992 on the grounds of self-defence, and the public prosecutor concluded that Peter Böhme was guilty of the manslaughter of Jörgen Schmidtchen, since he had opened fire without being directly threatened. Memorial columns to Peter Böhme, Jörgen Schmidtchen and Willi Marzahn stand by the Berlin Wall Trail near Griebnitzsee, in line with Stubenrauchstrasse.

Orange post inscribed with three names beside four grey steles, two of them with portraits, on grass in front of trees
Memorial for Peter Böhme, Jörgen Schmidtchen and Willi Marzahn, Stubenrauchstrasse 35, Babelsberg Photo: OTFW, Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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Also died on the outer ring between Berlin-Zehlendorf and Potsdam-Babelsberg

Sources

This profile is a summary written for this site from the biography in source 1, which also gives the full account with archival references. Facts taken from other sources are listed below with what they support.

  1. Christine Brecht, “Peter Böhme”, biography in Chronik der Mauer, Federal Agency for Civic Education, Centre for Contemporary History Potsdam and Deutschlandradio. Accessed 23 September 2026. Read online. The biography from which this profile was written, and the source of the dates and place of death.
  2. German version of the same biography. Accessed 23 September 2026. Read online.
  3. Final report of the East German Ministry of National Defence on the desertion of the officer cadets Peter Böhme and Wolfgang G., 27 April 1962 (BArch, VA-01/13496, Bd. 1, Bl. 312-313), transcript in Chronik der Mauer. Accessed 5 October 2026. Read online. Source for: that he asked to be sent back to his unit soon after reaching the school, and that he was killed at Gleisdreieck Griebnitzsee.
  4. Report of the East Berlin Readiness Police (Bereitschaftspolizei) on the border breach with use of firearms and fatal outcome at Gleisdreieck, 18 April 1962 (BArch, VA-07/8370, Bl. 129-135), excerpt transcribed in Chronik der Mauer. Accessed 5 October 2026. Read online. Source for: that Jörgen Schmidtchen took the pair for an inspection patrol and went towards them, and that he and Peter Böhme were both fatally wounded.
  5. "Mauerweg: Von Griebnitzsee zum Wannsee", Berliner Mauerweg route description, berlin.de. Accessed 5 October 2026. Read online. Source for: the date and place of the shooting, and the memorial columns in line with Stubenrauchstrasse.
  6. Stiftung Berliner Mauer, "Karte der Erinnerungsorte" (map of places of remembrance), entry "Erinnerungsstele für W. Marzahn, P. Böhme und J. Schmidtchen". Accessed 5 October 2026. Read online. Source for: the place of the memorial to him, Jörgen Schmidtchen and Willi Marzahn near Griebnitzsee.
  7. Hans-Hermann Hertle and Maria Nooke (eds.), The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961–1989: A Biographical Handbook. Centre for Contemporary History Potsdam and Berlin Wall Foundation, Berlin 2011. The printed handbook from which the online biography is taken.
  8. Hans-Hermann Hertle and Maria Nooke, “140 Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961–1989” (list), Centre for Contemporary History Potsdam and Berlin Wall Foundation, August 2017. PDF. Used to cross-check names and dates.
  9. Hans-Hermann Hertle and Maria Nooke, “The Victims at the Berlin Wall, 1961–1989: Findings of a Research Project”, August 2017. PDF. Source of the classification into escapees, people with no intent to escape, and border soldiers.

Corrections

This profile was corrected on 24 and 28 September and 3 and 5 October 2026. Each round of corrections is described in the corrections log:

Further reading

Image credits

Cite this page

“Peter Böhme”, Victims of the Berlin Wall, Berlin Experiences. https://victimsofthewall.com/victims/boehme-peter/

Map

The pin position is based on the place of death described in source 1. Base map © OpenStreetMap contributors; course of the Wall in 1989 from Geoportal Berlin (dl-de/zero-2.0). Accessed 23 September 2026.